Hyoscyamine (HYO) and scopolamine (SCO) are tropane alkaloids acting as anticholinergic factors on the parasympathetic nervous system in humans and are produced by Solanaceous plants. Two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, A4 and LBA9402, were used to infect Atropa acuminata Royle ex Miers and Atropa belladonna L. leaf explants. A. acuminata was inoculated either by direct infection or sonicated‐assisted A. rhizogenes‐mediated transformation (SAAT) was performed. A. belladonna was inoculated with the A4 strain using a direct method. The selected hairy root lines of both species were elicited with 50 mM methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), 0.5 μM coronatine (Cor) or 50 mM β‐CD + 0.5 μM Cor on day 14 of culture. The elicitor

Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) from Santalaceae family is a hemiparasitic plant containing triterpene acids which widely was used as complementary remedy in cancer therapy for decades. Mistletoe is growing on various tree species as well as some endemic and native species of Hyrcanian forests of Iran such as Parrotia persica (Persian ironwood) and Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam). The aim of this work was to compare the amount of triterpene acids including oleanolic acid (OA), betulinic acid (BA) and ursolic acid (UA) in foliage (leaves and stems) and fruit of mistletoes settled on P. persica and C. betulus as hosts in autumn. In this study, mistletoe plant parts were collected from three bases of each host species in Daeiz forest of Hyrcanian fore

Purpose: Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) from the Santalaceae family is a hemiparasite plant species and known as branch parasite (Hosseini et al., 2007). Also it is a known pharmaceutical plant that has cytotoxic effect and induces apoptosis. V. album extract containing triterpenic acids have been widely used for decades as alternative treatment and adjuvant cancer therapy (Wojciak-Kosior et al., 2017; Mulsow et al., 2016). This parasitic plant grows on various tree species as well as some endemic and native species of Hyrcanian forests of Iran like Parrotia persica (Persian Ironwood) and Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam). The aim of this work was to evaluate the amount of triterpenic acids, oleanolic acid (OA), betulinic acid (BA) and ursolic acid

Background: Different species of Hyoscymaus are rich sources of tropane alkaloids, especially hyoscyamine and scopolamine. These compounds medicinally are important tropane alkaloids that exclusively are produced by plants.Objective: Evaluation of hyoscyamine and scopolamine tropane alkalolids content in shoots and roots of Hyoscyamus species including H. kotschyanus, H. squarrosus, H. pusillus,

Lemon thyme (Thymus? citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb) is a perennial sub shrub medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae lamiaceae Subject Category: Organism Names

Twenty- two constituents were found in the essential oils extracted at before flowering, beginning of flowering and at full flowering stages, but twenty-three components in the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts at fruit set stage was identified. Among them geraniol was the major (54.2 - 72.5 %) component. The highest geraniol (72.5 %) was identified from the essential oil at before flowering stage and the lowest amount (54.2 %) from the essential oil of herb of fruit set stage was measured. Geranial content increased from before flowering to fruit set stage. The lowest geranial content (3.2 %) was identified at before flowering and the highest amount (11.9 %) obtained from the essential oil of fruit set stage.

The effect of 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) on herb yield, content and composition of essential oil of Tagetes minuta was studied in Tehran, Iran. Application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the herb yield, content and percentages of constituents of essential oil of T. minuta. The largest fresh and dry herb yields (70 and 29 t/ha, respectively) and the highest essential oil content (1.16%) were obtained from the plots that received 200 kg N/ha. GC and GC-MS analyses of the essential oil showed that different levels of nitrogen had significant effect on the essential oil constituents of T. minuta. The major components of the essential oil were: p-cymene (4.1–5.0%), limonene (7.5–9.3%), dihydrotageto